INDEX TO DISCUSSIONS IN CYTOGENETICS
* n = reference to footnote.
le = reference to a legend in a figure.
Aase, 206, 210
Abegg, 268
aberrant crossing over, 88
aberrations: in insect control, 116; methods of locating breakpoints, 56-57, 68, 71; transmission in plants vs. animals, 15, 16-17; uses, 63-65, 109-116, 166-167, 248-250, 251-262
abnormal chromosome-10, 8, 10, 13-14
Abraxas, 271
acenaphthene, 270
acentric fragment: compensation for deficiency, 41
acetocarmine, 7
Acnida, 275, 276
activator dissociator, 30, 91, 92
Adams, 271
adaptation of inversion heterozygotes, 61
addition lines, 236
Adelberg, 271
adjacent segregation, 73-74, 76, 79, 186-187
Aegilops, 210, 211, 230, 236, 237
Aegilotriticum, 2(Y6
affinity, 1, 4
agamospermy, 297
Agapanthus, 10
Agropyrum, 206, 297
Aida, 283
Akerman, 266
Alchornea, 297
Alexander, D. E., 23, 182, 263
Alexander, M., 26, 95-56
Allan, 240
Allard, 258
Allen, 271, 272, 273, 277, 293
Allium, 18, 267, 295
allopolyploid, 168, 203, 204
allopolyploids: addition lines, 236, 259; aneuploid types from, 225-226; breeding, 224; changes after origin, 209-210; chromosome pairing types, 204; compensating effect between aneuploids, 209; "diploids" from, 207; evidence for homology, 206-209; genetic data, 205, 209, 220-226; haploids from, 206; heterosis, 218; identification of chromosomes, 237; identification of parents, 209-211; new characters from hybrids with diploids, 212-213; origin, 2G4-205; sterility of structural heterozygotes, 208; substitution lines, 244, 246-247, 259; synthetic, 203, 205, 210, 211, 224, 256-257; theoretical ratios, 215-218, 219, 223; transfer of in terchanged chromosomes, 247-248; trisomics, 236; uses of 256-260.
allosyndesis, 204
alpha, 191
Alpina, 54
Altenburg, 5, 88, 96, 115
alternate segregation: 73-74, 76, 85-86, 119120, 186-187; effect of excess on recombination, 76, 85-86; effect on sterility, 76, 86
Alyssum, 169
Amaranthus, 275-1276
amphimixis, 295
amphiploid (see allopolyploid also)
amphiploid, 204
amphiploids: chromosome loss, 205; homozygosity of, 203; modified ratio after doubling. 224
Anderson, Edgar, 91, 211
Anderson, E. G., 3, 12, 54, 66, 72, 85, 91, 93, 94, 109, 110, 112, 185, 201-202
Andrews, 275
androgenic: diploids, 180; haploids, 180, 184; monoploids, 184
Anemone, 203
aneuploid, 142; (see monosomics, trisomics)
Anilocza, 3
animals: polyploidy in, 179
anisogeny, 288
Antirrhinum (see snapdragon)
Aplocheilus, 283
apogamy, 297
apomicts: aneuploids in, 214; chromosome number in progeny, 298-299; crossing over in, 297; haploids from, 300; sexual reproduction in, 297; sources of variation in, 299-300
apomixis: 295; inheritance of 300-301; polyploidy and, 214-215; types of 295-296
apospory, 297
Aquilegia, 223
Arisaema, 292
Arum, 292
Ascaris, 9
asci, exceptional, 3; from interchange hetero zygotes, 74
Asclepiadaceae, 54
Asparagus, 276, 290, 292
Aspergillus, 6, 271
Aster, 212
asynapsis: genes for, 18, 145, 175, 176, 263; in structural heterozygotes, 36, 72
Atkinson, 261
attached-X, 4, 45
Atwood, 255, 265
Auerbach, 74, 94
Ausemus, 259
autopolyploid, 168
autopolyploids: characteristics, 169, 252-254; chemical change, 253-254; crossability, 255-256; diploids from, 207, 252, 261; fertility, 252-253; gametic ratios in terms of double reduction (a ), 191-192; genetic ratios, 184-196; genetic ratios, random bivalent pairing, 222-223; genetic ratios in first and second backcrosses, 190-191; genetic ratios in terms of a, 191-192; genetic segregation types, 185; kinds of heterozygotes, 197; linkage, 196197; methods of obtaining, 175; uses of, 252-254
autosyndesis, 204; formulas for measuring, 219-220; genes affecting, 220, 230
autotetraploid (see tetraploid)
autotriploids (see triploids)
Avena, 226, 234, 235
Avers, 212
Avery, A. G., 106, 139, 147, 148, 150-154~ 169, 174
Avery, B. T., 139
Avery, P., 160, 226
'B' chromosome, 10, 14; interchanges, 104-105
Babcock, 160
backcross ratios: polyptoids, 190-191
bacteria, 5, 271
bacteriophage, 271
Bahia grass, 300-301
balanced lethals, 118
Bane, 179, 268
Barber, 2, 42
bar eye: cytology, 22-23
Barigozzi, 9
barley, 7, 9, 18, 19, 32, 49, 53, 83, 91, 92, 93, 100, 145, 146, 163, 166, 265, 269: interchanges, 84; reduced recombination, 85-86; multiple interchanges, 130, trisomics, 158-159
Barr, 274
Bartlett, H. H-, 118, 127
Bartlett, M. S., 196
Barton, 10, 83, 93, 159, 163, 164, 166, 193
Basarman, 275
Bates, 267
Bateson, 287
Batra, 108
Bauer, 97
Bauman, 175, 176
Baur, 274
Beadle, 3, 4, 13, 18, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 58, 63, 91, 109, 145, 205, 219, 263, 287
Beard, B. H., 32, 218, 263
Beard, F. C., 31
Beasley, 18, 145, 182, 209, 211, 258, 263
Bedichek, 107
Belar, 6
Bell, 266, 269
Bellevalia, 7
Belling, 6, 7, 66, 70, 119, 139-146 passim, 148, 175, 179, 181, 193-194, 264
Bennett, 2
Beazer, 5
Berberis, 12
Bergner, 18, 83, 84, 98, 106, 206, 263
Bermuda grass, (Cynodon), 296
Bernstein, 291
Bhaduri, 136
Bibio, 8
Biffen, 225
big rings (see multiple interchanges)
Blackburn, 272
Blakeslee, 66, 67, 76, 83, 92, 96, 98, 99, 106, 107, 119, 127, 139-145, 147, 148-156 passim, 163, 165, 169-175passim, 179, 1181, 193, 195, 196, 251, 254, 257, 263-266 passim, 270, 277
Blickenstaff, 289
Bolton, 178, 261
Bombyx, 179, 265, 280
Bonellia, 292
Bonner, 271, 292
Borojevic, 107
Bose, 273
Bostian, 282
Bowden, 254
Boyes, 178, 254
Brassica, 168, 177-178, 255, 256
break points: designation of, 68; methods of locating, 56-57, 67-68, 108-109
Breider, 286
Bremer, 211, 258, 268
Bremer-Reinders, 268
Brewbaker, 255, 267
bridge - break - fusion cycle, 27, 42
bridges: cytological behavior, 38-42; in micro spore divisions, 42;
Bridges, C. B., 3, 4, 7, 10, 11, 12, 22, 24, 30, 49, 87, 98, 102, 142, 161, 185, 201-202, 271, 272, 279-280, 281, 283
Bridges (and Brehme), 11, 22, 24, 25, 26, 34n, 57, 58, 97, 161
Bridges, P. N., 10
Brierley, 270
Briggle, 240, 289
Brink, 2, 67, 70, 74, 91, 92, 103, 265
Brix, 178, 221-222
Broussonetia, 275
Brown, M. S., 13, 18, 81, 82, 83, 87, 107, 145
Brown, N. A., 266
Brown, S., 10
Brown, W., 9
Brown, W. V., 297, 299
Brunson, 112
Bryonia, 275
Bryum, 170
Buchholz, 148-150
buckwheat, 252
Burdette, 251
Burnham, 5, 9-, 18, 24, 30, 36 le, 52, 53, 54, 63, 66-75 passim, 77-80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 90, 91, 94, 103, 104, 107, 109-113 passim, 123, 127, 137, 145, 146, 156, 158, 163, 182, 185, 186-189, 219, 232, 239, 241, 243, 251, 263, 275, 288
Burton, 296, 299, 300
Buxton, 206
Caldecott, 93, 100, 208
Caldwell, 260
Callan, 3
Cameron, 209, 226
Campanula, 137; interdependent rings in, 101, 137
Campbell, 232, 240, 248
Camp, 292
canaries, 272
Cannabis (hemp), 276, 286
capsules: aneuploids, 139, 144
carcinomas, 264 Carica, (see papaya)
Carson, 48, 49, 59, 62
Carter, 88
Cartledge, 111, 112, 127, 263
Catcheside, 84, 98-99, 118, 128, 129, 132, 176, 180, 19 5, 299
cell lethals, 26
centimorgan, I centrifugation: polyploidy from, 265
centromere: determination of position, 85-86, 109, 192, 200; differences in activity, 138; diffuse, 9, 12; effect on crossing over, 13, 109, 202; meiotic behavior, 12; misdivision 12, 145; neo, 14, 33; non-disjunction, 12, 74, 77; position, 8; shift, 22
cereals, 269
certation, 122
chain-configurations: chromosome segregation, 80
Chandler,, 172, 255
Chang, 130
Chao, 64
Chapman, 145, 230, 259
characters, transfer of, 257-258, 260
Charles, 3
Chase, 179-180, 182-183, 184
Chelidonium, 137
chemical composition, 253-254
chemicals: chromosome changes induced by, 94
chiasma: formation, 6; frequency in rings, 132; position, 18; terminalization, 6
chimeras: chromosomal, 175, 254-255
Chipman, 206
Chironomus, 8
Chittenden, 288
Chlamydomonas, 293
chlorophyll variegation, 255
chromatid: dicentric, 27, 48; interference, 4; segregation, 185, 188; tie, 44, 47-49, 53
chromatids: unequal pairs, 37
chromatin body, 274
chromomere: crossover frequency in, 14; gradient, 10; pattern, 10, 11
chromosome: addition lines, 236; change in morphology, 68-69; doubling (methods), 263-270; fragment, 12; genes affecting pairing, 145, 230; genetic control of length, 18; length, 8; length in hybrids, 12; map, 11; morphology, 7-11, 128, 140; morphology and genetic facts, 11-15; mutations, 139, 142; substitution lines, 236, 246-249; transfer, 114
chromosome pairing: non-homologous, 17-18, 35, 36, 71-72, 85; secondary, 213-214, 250; starting points, 108; variability of, 71-72, 85, 86
chromosomes: behavior of broken ends, 42, 65; change in number, 107; configuration in rings, 126; from male only, 180, 184, heteromorphic pairs, 2; identification with linkage groups, 110, 162-163; replication of, 7; spreading in smears, 18; types of changes in structure, 20
chromosome segregation: ininterchanges, 73-76; in triploids, 172-113; method of analysis, 73-76, 81-83
Ciocco, 290
cis,trans gene arrangements, 5
cistron, 5
Citrus, 297
Clark, E., 5, 275
Clark, F. J., 18, 91, 93
Clarke, 72, 94, 289
classical theory of crossing over, 6
Clausen, 180, 186, 203, 209, 210, 226 227, 259, 260
Cleland, 83, 119-127 passim, 130, 131, 134136
Clement, 178, 206, 207, 261
Cleveland, 8
clover (Trifolium) 8, 264, 265, 267
Coccids: chromosomes, 9
Coe, 180
coincidence (see interference)
colchicine, 183, 265-270
colchicine: action on mitosis, 266-267; chimeras, 254; interchanges induced by, 84, 138; irregular meiosis, 262; methods of use, 268-270; mutagenic action, 261-262; on animals, 267, 268; on bulbs, 270; on grasses, 269; on woody plants, 269-270; sources, 266
Colchicum, 266, 270
Cole, 291
Collins, 180, 219-220
Collinsia, 84, 138
compensating effect: in allopolyploids, 238-239
compensating trisomics, 156
competition in pairing, 87
"complex" heterozygotes: chromosome identification, 129-130; origin of, 138
complex locus, 3, 5-6
constriction: primary, 8; secondary, 9, 13
Cooper, D. C., 2, 70, 74, 92, 103, 180, 264
Cooper, K. W., 11, 50
copy-choice, 3
corn (see maize)
Cornman, 267
Correns, 274-277 passim, 281-282, 289
Cortazar, 185, 186-188
CostaRodriques, 226, 235
cotton (see Gossypium)
Craft, 291 cranberry, 255
Crane, 224
Creighton, 2, 27
Crepis, 160, 179, 180, 181, 214, 297
Crew, 271, 290, 292
Crick, 5
crossability, 256
crossing over: aberrant, 88; abnormal-10, 13; agents affecting, 4-5; between sister chromatids, 4; causes of reduced, 34, 76; chromosome length, 13; cytological measure of frequency, 76-78; effiect of: alternate segregation, 76; centromere, 109; deficiencies, duplications, 30-32, 103; interchanges, 84-87; inversions, 52; knobs, 13; polyploidy, 201-202; variable pairing, 85, 86 four-strand, 3, 185; in male vs. female, 4-5, 54, 275; interchromosomal effects, 49-50; orientation of crossovers, 17; reductional separation at centromere, 3; theories 6-7; unequal, 22-23; X-Y, 283
Crouse, 116, 285
Culex, 2, 8
Cunha, 61
Curculionidae, 179
Currence, 290
Cystopteris, 264
cytokinesis, 15 le
cytological exchange, and genetic exchange, 2
cytological technique, 7
cytoplasm: differences, 206
cytotaxonomy, 59, 135-136
Dactylis, 178, 221
d'Angelo, 8
Darlington, 6, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 54, 77, 101, 116, 119, 137, 142, 145, 148 le, 204, 205, 206, 213, 214, 224, 225, 254, 258, 273, 285, 293, 295
Darrow, 251
Das, 53
Datura, 18, 30, 33, 66, 67, 76, 83-84, 92, 96 98, 127, 175, 179, 232, 263; types with extra chromatin material, 106-107; aneuploids, 139-153; gene markers, 165-166; triploids, 172-174; polysomics (genetic data) 193-196 passim; chromosomal chimeras, 254, 255
Davis, B. M., 118, 180
Davis, C. L., 291
Davis, R. L., 207, 221
deficiency, 27-30, 93, 105-106, 107;atbreakpoints, 98; compensation by fragment, 41; cytological tests, 25, 28, 29; effect on sex, 280, 281; from irradiation, 17, 25; genetic effects of, 26-30; genetic tests for, 28-30; locating genes by, 25, 26; phenotypic effects, 26, 30, 73; sources, 27; transmission, 16, 28; viable, 25
deficiency translocation, 93
deletion, 20
Demerec, 23, 26
Dempsey, 13, 52, 53 le, 92
Dempster, 290
Dermen, 169, 251, 253, 255, 266, 267, 268, 269-270
desynapsis, 18, 229
deVries, 117, 118, 120, 127
Dewey, 206
de Winton, 5, 197, 200-201, 275
Df Dp: effect on crossing over, 30-32; effect on genetic ratios, 102-103; tests for functioning, 52, 53, 83; uses, 57;
Dhillon, 84, 138
dicentric chromatids: orientation effect in biarmed vs. telocentric chromosomes, 48
dicentric, chromosome, cytological behavior, 17, 20, 48, 53
Dicranomyia, 2
differential segments: crossing over, 113, 132
diffuse centromere, 12
Digitalis, 206, 207
dioecious species, 273; breeding, 286, 290
dioecism: evolution of, 293; by planned use of genetic markers, 287
Dioscorea, 273
diploidization, 208
diploids: chromosomes from male only, 180
diplospory, 297
directed segregation, 76, 119, 120, 138
Dirks, 261, 262
DNA, 5
Doak, 150
Dobzhansky, 9, 32, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 81, 82, 83, 87, 90, 96, 98, 103, 280, 291
Doggett, 253
Doncaster, 271
Dorsey, 265
double bridge, 40, 41
double crossing over: types, 4
double crossovers, 2
double fertilization, 16
double monosomics, 232
double reduction, 164, 166, 185, 193-195; expressions for maximum, 187-189; genetic ratios in terms of a, 191-192; requirements 186; theoretical extremes, 186
double trisomics, 152-153
doubled chromosome number: methods, 263-270
dove, 8
Doyle, 252
Dozorceva, 282
Dp Df (see Df Dp)
Drosera, 169, 209
Drosophila, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 24, 25, 32, 34, 36, 49, 67, 96, 103, 118, 186, 263, 272, 274, 291; chromosome segregation, 81-83; c.o. in paracentric inversions, 42-48; c. o. in pericentric inversions, 55-56; deficiency, 26, 30; detection of translocations, 88-89; duplications 22-23, 251; interchange frequency in treated 17, 97; inversions in wild populations, 58-62; linkage in triploid, 201-202; non-disjunction and homology, 232; sex determination, 279-280; trisomics in, 161; viability of homozygous inversions, 58; viability of translocations, 97-98
Ds Ac effects, 99
Dunn, 6
duplicate factors, 23, 209, 218
duplications, 21-24; crossing over in, 22; evidence for, 22-23; genetic test for, 251; effect on sex expression, 280; effect on transmission, 17; from interchanges, 24, 73, 107; from inversion heterozygotes, 46, methods of producing, 47, 106-107, 263; origin, 21, 22; phenotypic effects, 22; purebreeding, 106-107; sources of, 23-24, 47; tandem, 27; uses of 32-33, 251-252; viability, 23; X-chromosome in Drosophila, 24
Durham, 272
Durrant, 176
durum, 259
Dustin, 265, 266, 268
Duvick, 112, 289
Eames, 293
East, 182, 193
Eaton, 291
Ecliallium, 276
Edwardson, 289
Eigsti, 265, 266, 268
Einset, 148, 157, 158, 172, 179, 226
El-Ghawas, 176, 178, 194
Ellerton, 137
Elliott, 251, 268
Ellis, 160-161, 277
Elodea, 272
"elongate" chromosomes, 19, 175-176
Emerson, R. A., 70, 91, 205, 218-219, 220, 277, 287
Emerson, S. H., 4, 101, 114, 118, 119, 120, 127-130, 132, 133, 134, 180
Emery, 297, 299
Emmerling, 14, 33
emmer wheats, 259, 269; aneuploids, 236
Einsweller, 18, 251, 268, 269-270
endomitosis, 8
endosperm: atypical growth, 99
Enns, 18
Ephestia, 282
Ephrussi, 26
Epilobium, 206
Epling, 59, 61, 62
equational segregation (see double reduction)
Eragrostis, 297
Eruca, 178, 252
Essad, 251
Euchlaena, 180
Euphorbia, 297
euploid, 142, 168
Everett, 287, 289
evolution: interchanges in, 93; inversions in, 59
exceptions: tetrad, 3
facultative apomixis, 295
Fagerlind, 7, 212, 295
Farnham, 139, 163, 193-194
Fatalizade, 270 fatuoids, 234-235
favorable genes: methods of locating, 64-65
Federley, 212
Feltz, 252
Fernald, 117
ferns, 264
fertility restorers, 288, 289
Festucoideae, 297
Fischer, 145, 177, 178, 252, 255
fish, 283; triploids, 179
Fisher, 1, 192, 196-197, 199-200, 211, 257
flax, 178, 254, 265, 287-288
Folsome, 5
Forbes, 300
Ford, 161, 281
Foster, 261
four-strand crossing over, 185
fowl, 264, 271, 290; chromosomes, 8, 10
Fragaria (strawberry), 184, 213, 253, 273, 276
fragment chromosomes, 12, 40-42, 63
Frandsen, 268
Frankel, 9
Franzke, 261, 262
Fraser, 49, 282
Freeman, 112
free martin, 292
Freese, 3
Fritillaria, 2, 214
Frizzi, 10
Frolik, 93
Frolova, 252
Frost, 18, 145, 160, 164, 297
Fuad, 53
Fyfe, 200, 251
Gabe, 27
Gabelman, 289
Gager, 54
Gaines, 206
Gairdner, 101, 137, 287
Galan, 276
Galston, 271, 292
Galtonia, 273
gametes: modes of formation, 197-199
gamete selection, 113-114
gametogenesis, 15-16
gametophyte: factors, 104, 122; male and female, 15, 16; screen in plants, 16
Garber, 9, 10, 80, 84, 138
Gasterosteus, 268
Gates, C. C., 196-197, 200
Gates, R. R., 118, 168
Gaul, 18
Gavauda-n, 270
Geiriager, 196
gene balance, 139-140, 170, 278-280
gene complex, 118
gene dosage: and dominance, 16; effect on phenotype, 170; methods of increasing, 107-108
genes: as complex units, 5; linear order, 34; methods of locating, 25, 26, 33, 63, 64-65, 110-111, 116, 132, 161, 164, 166, 192; order in different species, 34; order in inversions, 34
genetic analysis: interchanges for, 110-111, 116
genetic map length, 11-12
genetic markers: Datura, 165; Oenothera, 132-133; wheat, 240-241
genetic ratios: polyploids, 186-190, 191, 192, 215-218, 219
geographic races: interchanges in, 92-93
genome, 168; designation of, 211
Geranium, 288
Gerassimova, 160, 180
Gerrish, 180, 182, 183-184, 269
Gershenson, 44, 291
Gerstel, 260, 300
gigas: mutants, 129, 168; races, 170
Giles, 30
Gilles, 177, 252
gladiolus, 270
Glass, 81, 82, 97, 98
Godetia, 12, 107, 136
Goldschmidt, 271, 278-279, 280
Goodspeed, 160, 203, 206, 209, 226
Gopinath, 107, 108, 137, 263
Gordon, M., 272, 282
Gordon, W., 260
Gortner, 265
Gosselin, 270
Gossypium (cotton), 8, 18, 93, 145, 205, 209, 211. 257-258, 261, 263
Gottschalk, 10, 252, 262
Gottfried, 277
gout, 266
Gowen, 18, 263, 271, 274
Gramineae: apomixis in, 297, 299
grape, 253, 286
grasses. 253, 269, 270; vegetative increase, 29
Graubard, 3
Gray, 291
Green, G. J., 249
Green, M. M., 5, 51, 88
Greenleaf, 196, 210, 257, 264, 270
Greenshields, 178, 261
Gregoire, 9
Gregory, 193
Grell, 55 le, 56
Griffiths, 235
Grischko, 290
Gruneberg, 43
Gudjonsson, 214
Gunthardt, 92
Gusseva, 270
Gustafsson, 295, 297
Habrobracon, 282
Haga, 6
Hagberg, 73, 90, 108, 158, 166
Haggqvist, 179, 268
Hagen, 136
Hagiwara, 292
Hair, 297
Hakansson, 9, 12, 88, 107, 119, 136, 226
Haldane, 185, 196, 197, 200-201, 275
half-disjunction, 76
half-mutants, 127
Halophila, 54
Hammarlund, 88
Hammond, 124, 126
Hand, 254
Hanna, 276
Hanson, 77, 86, 89
haploid (also see monoploid): 168, 179; haploids: androgenic, 180; chromosomes from male only, 180; chromosome pairing, 23, 128, 129, 206-207; factors affecting frequency, 129, 180, 207; vs. diploids, types of structural change in, 20; interchanges from, 207; Oenothera, 129; sex expression in, 282; uses, 261
Hardas, 252
hardiness: in polyploids, 254
Harland, 258, 261
Harpstead, 261
Harte, 126, 132
Hayes, 112, 239, 259
Haynaldia, 211, 259
Hays, 290
Heilborn, 214
Heilbronn, 275
Heitz, 9
hemizygote: phenotype, 243-244
hemizygous, 24, 108
hemp (Cannabis), 273, 275, 276, 286, 290
hermaphroditic, 273, 278
Hertsch, 178, 252
Hertwig, 88
heterochromatin, 9, 11-12, 13, 14, 89, 96, 128; break frequency in, 96; effect on crossing over, 13; variegation from breaks in, 14
heterochromosomes, 273
hetero-fertilization, 171
heterogametic sex: methods of determining, 274-277; ratio from selfs, 276, 283
heteromorphic chromosome pairs, 32
heterosis: in interchange heterozygotes, 136; in inversion heterozygotes, 61
hexaploid, synthetic, 223
Heyne, 248
high non-disjuncuon: in interchange, 103-104
Hill, H. D., 267
Hill, H. E., 158, 162, 172
Hinton, 9, 110
Hiorth, 107, 136, 226
Hirayoshi, 289
Hoar, 137
Hofmann 132, 281
Hofmeyr; 270, 275, 285
Holland, 289
Hollander, 277
Hollingshead, 179, 181-182
Holmes, 260
Holubinsky, 289
homoeologous chromosomes: identification, 238; list in wheat, 237; reduced pairing, 19
homoeology, 203
Hoover, 23, 36, 58, 86, 98
Hordeum (see barley)
Hottinguer, 196
Hougas, 178, 206, 221, 261
Howard, 255
Hsu, 142
Hughes Schrader, 9, 12
Humphrey, 181, 220
Humulus, 272, 273, 289
Hurd, 240
Hurst, 212
Huskins, 3, 18, 203, 224, 226, 234, 251
Hutcheson, 83
Hutchinson, 209, 251, 257, 258, 259
hybrid: barley, 287; maize, 289; onions, 289; sorghum, 289
Hyde, 259
Hymenoptera, 282
Hypericum, 137, 297
hyperploidy: effect on transmission, 17
Holubinsky, 289
hornoeologous chromosomes: identification, 238; list in wheat, 237; reduced pairing, 19
homoeology, 203
Hoover, 23, 36, 58, 86, 98
Hordeum (see barley)
Hottinguer, 196
Hougas, 178, 206, 221, 261
Howard, 255
Hsu, 142
Hughes Schrader, 9, 12
Humphrey, 181, 220
Humulus, 272, 273, 289
Hurd, 240
Hurst, 212
Huskins, 3, 18, 203, 224, 226, 234, 251
Hutcheson, 83
Hutchinson, 209, 251, 257, 258, 259
hybrid: barley, 287; maize, 289; onions, 289; sorghum, 289
Hyde, 259
Hymenoptera, 282
Hypericum, 137, 297
hyperploidy: effect on transmission, 17
Ibrahim, 112
idiograms, 10
Imai, 275
Impatiens, 9
inbreeding: in tetraploids, 196
independence of linkage groups: tests for, 163
Inman, 101, 113-114, 115 le
insect, chromatin bodies, 274
insect control, chromosome aberrations in, 116
interchange, 20, 66: chain configuration, 68-69; hypothesis, 66-67, 119, 141; type with high non-disjunction, 103-104; Dp Df heterozygote, 102-103; alternate segregation (excess), 76;
interchanges: association tests, methods using selfs, 112; "B" chromosomes, 104-105; break in satellite, 68, 69; breaks in relation to chromosome length, 94-96; break positions, 94, 95; chiasma frequencies, 132; chromosome identification, 89-91; chromosome segregation types, 75-84; coincidence, 133; configuration frequencies, 68, 71-73; configurations in intercrosses, 68, 90, 107-109: crosses of type I-2a x 1-2b, 107-109, crossing over in differential segments, 132; differential segments, 127; designation of, 71; directed segregation, 83-84, 138; effect on crossing over, 85-87; from haploids, 23, 207, geographic races, 92-93; induced, 88-89, 9394, 96; intercrosses, 68, 107-108; interdependent rings, 101, 137; irregular segregation, 125; linkage tests, 70-71, 132-133; low sterility, 68, 83-84, 105; meiotic behavior, 67-69, 71-73; methods of detection, 88-89; methods, determination of break positions, 67-68, 108-109; methods, segregation frequency, 74-76, 81; orientations of ring at meiosis, 73-74, origin, 21, 23, 91; pachytene configurations 69, 71-72; pachytene behavior, 67-69, 71-72, 89-90; segregation types, frequencies, 77-80, 81-83, sex chromosome, 273, 285; sources, 23, 67, 91-93; sterility 72-73, 86; tester set, chromosome identillcation, 90-9 1; tester set, genetic analysis, 111; trisomics from, 68, 145, 146; uses, 109-116; use in biochemistry, 112; use in gametic selection, 113-114; use in gene transfers, 112, 113; use in genetic analysis, 110-111, 112; use in analysis of sex determination, 285; viability of homozygotes in Drosophila, 9798; viability of homozygotes in plants, 98
interchange trisomics: sterility, 154-156
interdependent rings, 101, 137; method of producing, 101
interference: across break point, 133; across centromere, 2-3, 13, 132-133; coincidence, standard error, cytological measure, 2-3; genetic measure, 2-3; in interchanges, 133; range, 2; types, 4 interlocked bivalents, 91, 138 interspecific crosses: direction of cross, 171 interstitial segment: effect of crossing over in, 76, 84; segregation following crossing over in, 80 introgression, 211
inversion, 20, 77
inversion heterozygotes: crossover products, 35, 36; cytological behavior, 35-42; cytological crossover frequency, 44-48; effect on recombination. 34, 42-43, 54-56; fertility, 42, 44-49, 56-, for two inversions, 45-47, 57, 61; position of new breaks, 97; pairing 35, 36
inversion homozygotes: viability, 58
inversions: break point determination, 56-57-1 chromatid tie, 44, 47-49; designation, 35, evolutionarv value, 59, 60-62; frequencies 57-58, 59, 97; genetic crossing over, 42-~5, 52-53, 54-56; heterosis, 61; in Drosophila '34, 42-43, 57-58. 59; in maize, 51-53, 5455; in other species, 53 in wild populations, 58-62; non-homologous pairing, 35, 36; paracentric, 35, 37-43, 51-54; pericentric 35, 377 54-58; types, 35; uses, 63-65; 77
isochromosomes: 12, 140, 145-146, 232
isosomics: breeding behavior, 233-234
Ives, 4
Jacobs, 161
Jacobsen, 273
Jacobs-Muller, 3
Janaki-Ammal, 9
Janezewski, 203
Janick, 160-161. 174, 273, 276, 277, 281, 286, 293
Janssens, 6
Jenkins, 112, 113, 246, 248
Jennings, 2
Jensen, H., 270
Jensen, H. W., 273
Johnson, B. L., 211
Johnson, F., 112
Johnstone, 255
Jones, D. F., 99, 287, 289
Jones, H. A., 18, 276, 289
Jorgenson, 179, 206, 264
Kadam, 176
Kafer, 271
Karpechenko, 211, 255
Kasha, 53
Kasparyan, 257, 263
Katayama, 206
Kaufmann, 5, 8, 9, 94, 96, 97, 274
Kausik, 54
Kawaguchi, 265
Kempton, 180
Kendall, 264
Kerr, 9, 258
Kihara, 168, 209, 211, 240, 253, 266, 272, 273, 280, 289
Kikudome, 13, 14
killer gene, 243
King, 290
Kisser, 270
Knapp, 281
Knight, 257, 258
knobs, 9-10: effect on crossing over, 13; in metabolic nucleus, 10
Knott, 243, 246, 249
Koller, 74
Koltzoff, 291
Komai, 49
Koo, 100
Kees, 181, 264
Kosambi, 1
Kosar, 268
Kosloff, 91, 180, 182, 206, 210, 254, 264, 265, 267, 270
Kramer, 77, 85, 86, 89, 91, 163
Krivshenko, 50
Krythe, 251, 268
Kuhn, 276, 293
Kurakami, 114
Kurzweil, 259
Kusamitu, 292
Kuspira, 228(n), 240, 241, 248, 249
La Cour, 53, 116, 137
Lamm, 77, 80, 86, 172
Lammerts, 180, 206, 212-213
Lamprecht, 23
Lapin, 254, 257
Larson, 240, 241, 246, 248
Larter, 18
La Rue, 118
Laughnan, 6, 23
Lawrence, 213
Lawton, 264
Lea, 96, 97
Lebistes, 282, 283
Lejeune, 161
Lennox, 274
Lesins, 207, 261
Lesley, J. W., 142, 159, 160, 170
Lesley, M. M., 9, 18, 145
lethals, 44, 120, 118
lettuce, 268
Leucopogon, 211
Leupold, 196
Levan, 9, 12, 266-270 passim
Levine, E. E., 49
Levine, M., 251, 264
Levine, R. P1 7, 49
Levitan, 49, 62
Lewis, D., 255, 293
Lewis, E. B., 5. 102 le
Lewitsky, 7, 10, 160
Li, 18, 54, 57, 145, 205, 229, 263
Liliaceae, 266
LiliumB. 172, 180, 270
Lilienfeld, 209, 211
Lilienstern, 292
Lima-de-Faria, 9, 10
Lindegren, C. C., 2, 3, 4
Lindegren, G., 2, 4
Linden, 112, 289
Lindenberg, 270
Lindstrom, 18, 220. 221, 264
linear order: of genes, 2; of products of meiosis, 17
linear quartets: microspores, 54
linkage: affinity, 4: association between linkage groups, 4; crossovers in recovered chromosomes, 3; facts, 1-7; genetic and cytological exchange, 2; Aspergillus, 271; interchanges, 70-71; inversion heterozygotes, 52; Oenothera, 132-134; with quantitative characters, 64; multiple-point data, 3, 133; physiological association, 1; tetrad analysis, 3; types of doubles, 4
linkage groups: number 1, 132
linkage map, 1: relation to chromosome length, 11-12; clustering of genes, 13; inversion heterozygote, 44; sex chromosome, 275
Linnert, 94, 270
Linum, 178
Little, 186, 188, 270
Livermore, 255
Livers, 241
Loegering, 240, 241, 243, 249
Loehwing, 271, 292
Loliiim, 18, 267
"long chromosomes", 18, 145
Longley, 9, 14, 33, 85, 93, 94, 95, 111, 114, 219-220
Longwell, 236
Lorz, 8
Love, A., 275
Love, R. M., 229
Lower, 61
low sterility, 83-84
Luong, 253, 269
Lush, 291
Lutkov, 265
Lutz, 118, 129, 168
Luzula, 9
Lychnis, 274-275, 289
Lycium, 264
Lycopersicon (see tomato)
Lymantria, 278-279
Lythrum, 199-200
MacDonald, 108, 240, 241
Mackel, 8
Mackensen, 26
Maeda, 80
Maheshwari, 15, 16, 295, 297
Mahonia, 12
maize, 2, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 23, 24, 33, 49, 67, 91, 92, 99-100, 146, 166, 175176, 177, 179, 182, 194, 201, 254, 263, 269, 288-289, 293: 'B' chromosome interchanges, 104-106; break frequencies in chromosomes, 94-95; deficiency mutations, 27-30; dioecious, 288-289; effect of Df-Dp on crossing over, 31-32; effect of interchanges on crossing over, 84-85; high nondisjunction interchange, 103-104; irtterchanges in 68-73; paracentric inversions, 36, 40-42, 51-53; pericentric inversions, 35, 54-55; triploid, 170-172; trisomics, 156-158
Makino. 271
male sterile: aberrant meiosis, 18
male sterility, cytoplasmic, 18, 287-289: conversion of inbreds, 184; fertility restoration, 112; genic, 18, 287; hybrid seed production, 287
Malheiros, 9
Mains (apple), 213, 253, 255, 270, 297
man 264: chromatin bodies in somatic cells, sex diagnosis, 274; sex-determination, 281; sex ratio, 290-291; trisomics in, 161
Mangelsdorf, 127, 289
Manley, 270
Mann, 112
Mansurova, 252
Marchal, 168, 263-264, 281
Marchantia, 266
Marigold, 253, 254
Marquardt, 84
Marryat, 272
Marshall, 53
Martin, 289
Martinez. 239
Masima, 178
mass mutation, 127
maternal homozygous diploids (origin), 183-184
Mather, 13, 14, 15, 20, 50. 185, 186, 188, 192, 204, 295
Matsumura, 229, 236, 237, 253
Matsuura, 3, 6
Matthiola, 18, 145, 160, 164
Matusima, 265
maximum equational segregation, 186-188
MacKey, 251
McClintock, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 le, 12, 13, 14, 17-18, 25, 27-30, 33, 35, 36, 38, 40-42, 51, 67, 75, 76, 77, 88, 92, 94, 99, 109, 156-157, 158, 162, 163, 166, 172, 226, 235
McClung, 271
McFadden. 211, 259
McGinnis, 226, 232, 235, 240, 248
McKay, 251
McKechnie, 266
McLennan, 18
McPhee, 276, 191
Mechelke, 270
Mecostethus, 18
Medicago, 8, 178, 206, 207, 221, 261
megaspore competition, 109, 122-123
megaspore: position of functional, 15 le
meiosis: genes affecting, 18; positions of chiasmata, 18
Mendel, 297
Melander, 179, 268
Melandrium, 272, 273, 276, 277, 281, 293
Mercurialis, 277
Merioptera, 18
metacline hybrids, 121-122
Metz, 8, 9, 33, 283, 284, 285
Meyer, 266
mice, 6, 281: detection of interchanges, 88-89; interchanges, 83
Michaelis, 206
Michie, 4
microspores: microspores, adherence in Vs, 272; first division bridge, 41; linear quartet, 54
Miller, D. D., 59
Miller, 0., 138
mint, 256, 257
Minutes: deficiency, 26
mistletoe, (Phoradendron) 273
mixoploidy, 267
modes of reproduction; analysis of, 298-299
Moffett, 213
Moh, 18
Mohamed, 112
monoecism: inheritance, 286
monciploid, 168
monoploid method: yield comparisons, 184
monoploids, 179-184: chromosome pairing, 182, description, 180; fertility, 184; factors affeeling frequency, 180; frequency, 180; homozygous diploids from, 182, 183-184; interchanges from, 182; meiosis, 181-182; meiotic behavior in diploids from, 181-182; methods of screening for, 182-183; mutants from, 181; origin, 179; sources, 179-180; uses, 184
monosomics, 226-229: asynapsis, 230; breeding behavior, 227, 231-232; genetic ratios, 229, 242, 243; identification as to genome, 227, 228; in diploids, 107, 136, 226; in emmer wheat, 236; meiotic behavior, 226-227, 230; methods of checking identity, 232, 245; methods of transfer, 244-245; phenotypes, 226, 230; pollen abortion, 227; ratios for duplicate factors, 229, sources, 226, 229; types of gene expression in, 242; use in breeding, 249-250; use in placing genes, 228-229, 239; X-rays in production of, 235
Montalenti, 3
Moore, 266
Morgan, D. T., 10, 51, 54, 55, 63, 64
Morgan, L. V., 24, 49, 161
Morgan, T. H., 4, 49, 118, 139, 272, 283, 292
Morris, 100
Morrison, 239
mosses: polyploidy, 168, 170
M-sterile, 103-104
mulberry (Morus), 275, 292
Muller, 3, 4, 14, 32, 34, 35, 67, 81, 82, 83, 89, 96, 107, 115, 118, 119, 185, 193
multiple alleles, 5-6
multiple interchanges, 93, 115, 116, 119, 130, 137: chromosome identification, 130; other than Oenothera, 136-137; pachytene configuration, 120; experimental production of, 113-115, 137
multiploid sporocytes, 19
multivalent pairing, 206: genes affecting, 145, 230-231, 252, 256; genetic evidence of, 221
Muntzing, 10, 14, 15, 91, 117, 139, 168, 203, 251, 252, 253, 257, 263
Murray, 201, 275-276
Musa, polyploid races, 169
mutation, 30, 117, 139, 184
muton, 6
Myers, 221, 222, 267, 268, 299
Nagao, 137
Navalikhina, 257
Nawaschin, M., 160, 214, 270
Nawaschin, S., 7, 9
Neatby, 244
Nebel, 251, 254, 256, 257, 265, 266
necktie configuration, 76
neocentromeres, 14, 33
Neurospora, 2, 3, 4, 12, 30, 74, 185
new characters: origin, 259
Newcombe, 3
Newcomer, 10
Newlin, 289
Newton, 205
Nicandra, 9
Nicotiana, 142, 160, 180, 183, 203, 206, 231, 257, 260, 265, 270: identification of parents of N. tabacum, 209-210; monosomics, 25-229; new characters from cross with 2n, 212-213
nightshade, 264
Nilan, R., 18
Nilsson, 104, 120, 178
Nilsson-Ehle, 209, 234
Nishimura, 114, 115
Nishiyama, 226
non-coorientation in ring, 73, 74
non-disjunction: W chromosomes, 105-106; equational, 185
non-homologous pairing, 18, 71-72
non-random segregation, 33
Nordenskiold, 221, 222-223
Novitski, 32, 48, 59, 63, 232, 290
nucleolus, diffuse in spores, 76
nucleolus organizer, 75-76: effect on crossing over? 13; in Drosophila, 274, in species crosses, 214; non-disjunction of, 76
nulli-haploids, 230
nullisomics, 231, 232, 233-235, 242, 243, 244, 246: behavior in compensation tests, 238; compensation by tetrasomics, 238-239; in diploid, 107, 136; phenotypes, 230, 234-236
Nyquist, 240
oats, 100: somatic segregation, 235; X-rays in producing monosomics, 235
Oberle, 286
Ocimum, 254, 257
Oehlkers, 94, 119, 120, 121, 125, 126, 132, 270
Oenothera, 9, 83, 84, 98, 101, 113-114, 160, 168, 178, 180, 255: ancestral chromosomes, 132; chromosome frequencies, 131; chromosome morphology, 9, 128; complexes, 129131, 133-134; crossing over, 120, 132-133; differential segments, 127-128; directed segregation, 84, 119, 120, 138; genes in complexes, 133-134; genetic markers, 120, 132-133; half-mutants, 127; haploids, 128, 129, 180; heterosis, 136; identification of chromosomes, 129-131; interdependent rings, 101, 137; induced interchanges, 84; irregular segregations, 125-126, 128-129; linkage, 132-134: meiotic configurations, 119, 125126, 128-129; metacline hybrids, 121-122; multiple factor inheritance, 114, 134; mutations, explanation, 120; polyploids, 129, 168; pollen abortion, 126-127; selfincompatibility, 123-124; South American races, 136; sterility in, 118, 126-127; taxonomy, 134-136; transmission of complexes, 121; trisomics, 128129; types of genetic behavior, 120-124
Oenothera method, 113-114
Okamoto, 19, 206, 207, 209, 230, 237, 238, 239, 241, 252, 256
Olbrycht, 3
Oliver, 5
Olmo, 226
O'Mara, 235, 236, 259, 260
onions (Allium), 289
Ono, 168, 272, 281
ontogeny, 254-255
Osmunda, 264
Owen, 288
pachytene, 67, 69, 71-72, 75, 79
Paeonia, 137
Painter, 7, 8, 9, 10, 67, 83, 291
pairing (see chromosome pairing)
Pale translocation, 26
Pangola grass (Digitaria), 296
Panicum, 297
Panshin, 26
papaya, (Carica), 273, 275: breeding, 286; genetics of sex, 285-286; gynomonoecious variety, 286
Papazian, 7
paracentric inversions: bridge frequencies, 51; genetic behavior, 51-54; sterility, 49, 51
parasexuality, 271
parasynapsis, 118
Parker, 259
Parsons, 196
Partanen, 264
Parthasarathy, 80, 252
Parthenium, 206, 207, 297, 298-299
parthenogenesis, 179, 295
Paspalum, 297, 300
Palau, 2, 161
patroclinous males, 44, 48
Patterson, E. B., 24, 110
Patterson, J. T., 22, 59, 60 le, 62, 107
Pavan, 60
peach, 255, 263
Pelargonium, 264
Pellew, 205, 288
Peloquin, 178, 206, 221
penetrance, 108
Penicillium, 266
Pennisetum, 299
Pergament, 207
pericentric, inversions: effect on fertility, 54, 56; genetic behavior, 54-56; types of, 56; use, 77
Person, 151, 232
Peterson, 248
Peto, 265
Petunia, 2, 3, 255
Philp, 18, 129, 185, 200, 204, 226
Phinney, 265
Phleum, 220, 221, 222-223
Phleum pratense: synthetic, 220
phylogeny of gene arrangements, 60
physiological association, I
Pi, 239
Pincus 267
Pipkin: 81, 82, 83, 87, 280
Pirson, 170
Pisum, 5, 80, 146, 263: duplication, 23; interchanges, 88, 98, 104; trisomics, 160
Piza, 9
Plantago, 169
plasmon, 206
Platypoecilis, 272, 283
Plessers, 239, 243
Plough, 4
Plunkett, 34
Poa, 214, 297
pollen abortion, 72-73, 125, 126, 127: "genes", 30, 33, 127; in interchanges, 72-73
pollen: behavior in trisomics, 148-150; competition in heterogametic sex, 276; dimorphic, 152; effect of deficiency, 25, 28, 72-73; effect of extra chromatin, 140, 148
polycentric chromosome, 9
polymeric genes, 23
polymorphism: chromosomal, 61, 62
polyploid drop, 205
polyploids: apomixis, 214-215; genetic data, 220-226; haploids from, 178-179; hardiness, 254; loss of gigas characters, 170; methods of obtaining, 263-270; mutation rates, 207-208; rate of approach to homozygosity, 196; sex determination, 170, 277, 281; similar to diploids, 169; temperature shocks, 264-265
polyploidy: animals, 179, 267-268; by cell regeneration, 263-264; chemical induction, 265-270; by chemicals, (not colchicine), 270; deleterious effect of, 169; effect on inbreeding, 196; effect on sex expression, 179; evidence for type of, 207; experimentally produced, 168-169, 264; frequency, 170; importance in evolution, 168, 169; ontogeny, 254-255; origin, 169, 170-171, 174-175; self-incompatibility, 255
Pomoideae, 213
Pontecorvo, 6, 271
Populus, 273
Portulaca, 169, 270
position effect, 23, 98-100, 212, 251; in Oenothera, 98-99
Poulson, 9, 291
Povolochko, 264
Powers, 229, 298, 300
Pratassenja, 169, 263
Preer, 134
preferential pairing, 156, 252
prime type, 92, 106
Primula, 5, 193, 200-201, 205, 257, 275
pro-chromosomes, 9
Prokofyeva, 107
Propach, 160
Prunus, 169
pseudoallelism, 5
pseudobivalents, 182
pseudodominance, 57, 102
pseudogamy, 297
pseudoisochromosomes, 100
pseudolinkage, 1, 361
Pteromalus, 282
Pygaera, 212
Pythium, 266
quadrivalents: theoretical frequencies, 176
Quadt, 178, 221, 222
quantitative characters, analysis by: interchanges, 110-111, 116; inversions, 64: segregation in Oenothera, 134
quasi-diploid, 142
Qumby, 289
rabbits, 291: triploids, 179
Raffel, 32
Rajan, 178, 252
Ramage, 85, 90, 91, 146, 148, 158, 164, 166
Randolph, 14, 18, 93, 109, 145, 169, 171, 176180 passim, 251, 252, 254, 255, 265
Ranunculus, 297
Rao, 54
Raphanobrassica, 211, 265
Raphanus (radish), 80, 255
rare crossovers: method for, 50
Rasmusson, 268
raspberries, 253
rat, 264, 290
Raynor, 271
recombination (see linkage)
recon, 5
Redfield, 3, 49, 50, 202, 291
Reitz, 259
Rekemeyer, 116
Rendel, 4
Renner, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 129, 132
Renner complex, 118; genetic constitution, 133134
Renner effect, 122
reproduction: analysis of modes of, 298-299
restitution nucleus, 175
Rhoades, M. M., 3, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 19, 23, 31-32, 33, 51, 52, 53 le, 54, 55, 63, 64, 92, 103, 127, 158, 163, 164, 166, 171, 175-176, 263, 275, 288, 289
Rhoades, V. H., 127, 171
Rhoeo, 137, 265
Ribes, 273
rice, 8, 80, 91, 253, 265, 269
Richardson, 21
Richey, 113, 288
Rick, 159, 163, 164, 166, 193, 276
Riddle, 291
Riede, 276
Riley, 19, 145, 211, 214, 230, Z41, 250, 252, 256, 259
Rimpau, 203
ring chromosomes: 21, 29-30, 32, 63, 167, 227
rings (see interchanges)
Ris, 12
Roberts, 100
Robertson, 6
Robbins, 276
Rodenhiser, 241, 249
Rogers, 289
Rollins, 298, 299
Roman, 14, 104-106
root nodules, 264
Rosenberg, 169
roses: meiotic behavior, 212
Ross, 178, 254, 261
Rubus, 214, 224
Rudiger, 254
Rudorf, 251
Rumex, 272, 273, 275, 281, 289
Russell, L. B., 281
Russell, W. A., 36 le, 51, 52
rust resistance: transfer, 260
Ruttle, 251, 254, 256, 257
rye (see Secale)
Rzaev, 257
Saboe, 112
Saccharomyces, 3
Saccharum, 211
Sacharov, 252
Sachs, 266
Saki, 137
salivary gland chromosomes, 7, 8: heterochromatin, 9; maps, 10
Salix, 273
Sandler, 232
Sansome, E. R., 76, 80, 98, 263
Sansome, F. W., 129, 185, 193, 200, 204, 220, 221, 263, 264, 277, 288
Santos, 272
Saprolegnia, 8
Sarkar, 211
Sarvella, 90
Sasaki, 80
satellites, 9, 13, 239
Salina, 146, 148, 172 174, 254
Sax, 91, 116, 137, 209, 265
Schaffner, 292
Scheu, 286
Schmidt, 93
Schmuck, 285
Schroder, 291
Schultz, 9, 14, 23, 49, 280
Schwanitz, 170
Schwartz, 5
Sciara, 8, 283-285; interchanges, 116, 285; inversion, 48
Scott, 169
Seaney, 180
Sears, 19, 20, 145, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 229-233passim, 236-244 passim, 247, 249, 250, 252, 256, 257, 260, 266, 269
Secale (rye) 9, 10, 14, 15, 91, 160, 236, 252, 253, 254, 257, 259, 260, 265
secondary pairing, 213-214; test for, 250
segmental allopolyploid, 168, 204
segregation: abnormal, 10, 14; chromatid vs. chromosome (tetraploids) 187-188; frequencies of types in rings, 75-83; preferential, 14, 156, 161; types in autopolyploids, 185; types in rings, 73-74
Seiler, 272
self-incompatibility, 123-124, 255
self-pollinating species: genetic analysis using interchanges, 112
Semeniuk, 229
semisterility, 66, 67, 119, 141
Sengbusch, 290
Sequoia, 270
Setaria (millet), 205
sex chromatin, 274
sex: inheritance of monoecism, 275-276, 285-286
sex chromosomes: animais, Z71-272; general description, 274; plants, 272-273
sex determination: analysis by deficiencies, 280, 281; analysis by duplications, 280; autosomal, 283; polyploids, 170; multiple alleles for, 282, 285-286; Sciara 283-285; theories, 278-282
sex diagnosis: biochemical, 292, 293; genetic markers, 277, 280; somatic cells (chromatin bodies), 274
sex expression, 271, 277-278: factors affecting, 292; selection for, 283; types in plants, 278
sex factors, 271
sex heterogamety: methods of analysis, 274-277
sex-limited inheritance, 282
sex-linkage: animals, 271-272, 280, 282; plants, 274-275
sex-linkoid inheritance, 282
"sex-ratio" gene, 291
sex ratios, 289-291: at birth, 290; factors affecting, 289-291
sex reversal, 292
Shapiro, 255
Sharp, 7, 118, 142, 295
Shchavinskaya, 264
Sheen, 240, 248, 249
Shen, 249
"shift", 225; univalent, 151, 232
Shmuck, 270
Shull, 132, 136, 274
Shult, 4
Sidorov, 44, 45
Silene, 277
silkworm; sex separation, 280; sex determination, 280
Simmonds, 137
Singh, 240, 241
Singleton, J. R., 74, 109
Singleton, R., 93, 127
Sinoto, 273, 276
sister strands: crossing over, 4
Sitopsis, 211
Sjoseth, 254
Skalinska, 223
Skovsted, 209
Slizynska, 10
Slizynski, 11, 88
Smilax, 273
Smith, F. H., 9
Smith, H. H., 257
Smith, L., 19, 83, 84, 93, 100, 102-103, 138, 180
Smith, S. G., 53, 274
Smith White, 211
snapdragon, 160, 253, 270
Sneep, 276
Snell, 83, 88
Snyder, L. A., 232, 238, 246, 247, 248, 297, 299
Sokolow, 8
Solanaceae, 9
Solanum, 172, 178, 179, 206, 207, 214, 221, 253, 255, 261
somatic crossing over, 271
somatic reduction, 261, 262
Sorensen, 214
Sorghum, 9, 10, 14-15, 80, 261, 289
Soriano, 84, 138
soybean (Glycine), 80, 218
Spartina, 224
species: origin by doubling, 203
species hybrids: abnormals in F2, 205, animals, 291; autosyndesis, frequency; 220; breeding potentials, 257-258; effect of cytoplasm, 206; fertility restoration, 205, 257; genetic ratios, 219; homozygosity, 203; meiotic behavior, 210, 221; new characters from, 212213; nucleolus organizers, 214; pairing, 205; ratios before and after doubling, 223-224; sterility, 205; transfer of chracters, 257-258; species relationships: methods of measurement, 211
speltoids, 234-235
Sphaerocarpos, 272
sphaerococcum, 244
Spillman, 271
Spinacia, 160-161, 174, 273, 276, 277, 286
spore quartets, 75-80
sporophytic budding, 297
Sprague, 64, 171
Stadler, L. J., 5, 24, 25, 26, 73, 88, 91, 93
Stalker, 59
Stanford, 178, 206, 207, 221, 261
Stebbins, 137, 168, 203, 204, 211, 214, 222, 251, 295, 296
Steinberg, 49
Steiner, 123-124
Steinitz-Sears, 20
Stephens, J. C., 289
Stephens, S. G., 3, 211
sterility: as affected by alternate segregation, 76; as related to life cycle, 16; effect on kernel weight, 64; interchanges, 66, 76, 83-84, 118, 126-127; inversions, 44, 49, 51, 54, 56; triploids, 174; trisomics, 156; upper limit of, 86
Stern, 2, 4, 67, 271
Stevens, 271
Stevenson, 174, 276, 277, 286, 293
Stewart, 259
Stino, 227
Stipa, 211
Stizolobium, 66, 70
stomata: sizes in polyploid series, 169
Stone, 22, 44, 59, 60 le, 107
Storey, 286
Stout, 255
Strasburger, 169
Sturtevant, 22, 23, 34, 42-47 passim, 51, 58, 59, 60, 63, 81, 82, 87, 98, 102, 118, 119, 120; 123, 125, 129-130, 132, 161, 263, 291
sugar beets, 252, 253, 268, 288
Sulbha, 178
Suneson, 287
Suomalainen, 179
supernumerary chromosomes, 8, 10, 14-15, 104-106
Sutton, 22, 146, 160
Sveshnikova, 259
Swaminathan, 178, 240, 241
Swamley, 86
Swarup, 179, 268
swine, 291: polyploid, 268
synapsis (see chromosome pairing)
Tabata, 108, 110
Tackholm, 212
Takagi, 160
Takaku, 49
Tan, 10
Taraxacum, 214
Tascher, 208
Taylor, D. K, 226, 235
Taylor, J. H., 5, 7
Taylor, W. R., 7
Tazima, 280
Teas, 112
telocentric chromosomes, 8, 12, 142, 160, 232
telosomic trisomics: breeding behavior, 233234; genetic ratios, 164; uses, 246-247
telosynapsis, 118
temperature shocks: polyploids from, 264-265
teosinte, 296: maize hybrid, 205, 218-219, 220
tertiary trisomics, 140, 141, 144, 154-156, 164: true breeding, 164
tetrad analysis, 3
tetraploids (see autopolyploids also): breeding behavior, 176; crossability, 255-256; crosses with diploids, 171; dihybrid ratios, 195-196; diploids from, 178, 207, 252, 261; double reduction in, 186-189; double reduction requirements, 186; fertility, 177-178, gamete formation modes of, 197-199; gametic genotypes, 196-197, 198-199; gametic ratio (expression for), 187; gametic ratios in terms of a, 192; gametic ratios (theoretical), 186188; gene balance effects, 170; gene position and dihybrid ratios, 195; genetic data, 193196; genetic ratios (theoretical in F2, backcross), 190-191; inbreeding in, 196; linkage (methods of measuring), 196-202; linkage data, 199-202; maternal diploids from, 178; meiotic behavior, 176; origin, 174-175; progeny with trisomic ratios 195; reversion to diploid, 178; sectors in diploids, 175, 254-255; self-incompatibility in, 177, 255; trisomics from, 145, 178; uses, 252-254; yields, 178
tetrasomics, 144, 145, 152
Thalictrum, 276
Thomas, 14, 18, 44, 235
Thompson, D. L., 184, 261
Thompson, R. C., 268
Thompson, W. P., 83, 171
Tice, 22
Tinney, 297
Tischler, 169, 289
Tityus, 9
Tjio, 73, 90, 91, 158, 161, 166
tomato (Lycopersicon), 9, 10, 83, 142, 159, 163, 166, 172, 178, 181, 193, 202, 220, 221, 262, 264
Torvik-Greb, 282
Tradescantia, 7, 8
translocation (also see interchange), 20, 67
translocations: progressive, 101-102, sex chromosome, 87, 96, 280; special types of, 100-106
Trifolium, 254, 255
Trillium, 3. 8
triploids: chromosome numbers in spores. 1731174; chromosome types in progeny, 174; fertility, 174; gametes, double reductional, 185; gametic ratios, 188-190; gametic ratios, expressions for, 189; genetic ratios (F2, 190-191; irregularities in female vs male, 173; lagging chromosomes, 173; linkage data, 201-202; meiosis, 171-173; non-random meiotic behavior, 172-173; origin, 170-171; sex of progeny, 279-280, 281; source, 171; uses, 253
Tripsacum 180
trisomic, 66
trisomics: breeding behavior, 150-153. 159160; compensating, 147, 156; from interchanges 68, 128-129, 146, 154; gametic ratios in terms of alpha, 192; genetic data, 161164, 193; backcross (1st, 2nd) ratios, 190, 191; germination, 174; identification with linkage groups, 163; interchange, 146, 154, 156; linkage, 202; meiotic configurations, 140-141, non-disjunction for other chromosomes; 151; phenotypes, 139, 143-144, 157, 158, 159; primary, 139, 143-144, 150-151, 156-160. pollen abortion, 149, 154-156; pollen behavior, 148; pollen transmission, 150. 158, 160; secondary, 145, 151-152; sources 68, 145-147, 158; sterility, 146, 158, 159; seed size and frequency, 148, 157-158; sex expression, 281; telosomic, 142, 153; tertiary, 146, 153-156; transmission, factors affecting, 140, 148, 157-158, 164; types of, 140-142: univalent frequency, 157; uses, 132, 166-167, viability, 148
trisomics in: barley, 158; Crepis, 160; dioecious species, 277; maize, 156-158; man, 161; Nicotiana, 160; Oenothera, 117, 128-129, 132; Pisum, 160; Spinacia, 161; tomato. 159; wheat, 236, 238-239
Triticale, 203, 257
Triticum, 18, 20, 83, 84, 98, 102-103, 104, 115, 145, 151, '168, 206, 207, 208-210, 225, 229-234, 236, 239, 252, 256-260, chromosome designations, 237; genome sources, 211; homoeologous chromosomes, 237-238; interchanges, 84, 238, 239; polysomics, 236-237; satellites, 239; varieties with monosomics, 248; varieties with substitution lines, 248
true-breeding heterozygotes, 118, 124
Tsuchiya, 158, 159, 163, 166
Tsunewaki, 240, 241
Tuleen, 86, 98, 114, 196
Tutipa, 8, 214
tumors. 266
Turcotte, 107, 108
Turesson, 266
Twamlev, 221
twin hybrids, 118
twin seedlings, 180, 263
Ullstrup, 104-106, 112
ultra-violet light: chromosome changes by, 93-94
univalent shift, 151, 232
univalents: "foldback" pairing, 17-18; meiotic behavior, 17-18, 148, 173, 211; non-homologous pairing, 17-18; non-random segregation, 211-212
Unrau, 228n, 240, 241, 242, 246, 247-248, 249
Upcott, 10, 172
Uvularia. 2
Vallisneria, 272, 273
Vanderlyn, 9
Van Elden, 270
variegation: relation to heterochromatin, 14
Vavilov, 259
vegetative reproduction, 295-296
velvet bean (Stizolobium), 66, 70
Vicia, 178, 252, 259
Vilkomerson, 8, 14
virus, 5, 271
Vitis, 273
von Borstel, 116
von Wettstein, 264
Waddington, 267
Wallace, B., 61, 62, 63, 291
Wallace, M., 4
Walters, 137, 182
Walther, 292
Walton, 9
Wangenheim, 207
Warnike, 8, 277, 281, 297, 299
watermelon, 253
Watson, 1. A., 259
Watson, J. D-, 5
Webber, 209, 297
Weinstein, 3, 7
Welch, 201
Wellensiek, 251, 268
Wellwood, 18
Welshons, 281
Wenrich, 6
Westergaard, 271, 272, 273, 274, 277, 281, 293
Wettstein, 170, 281
Wharton, 10, 59
wheat (see Triticum)
White, 18, 271, 272, 285
Whiting. 282
wild populations: inversions, 59
Williams, 80
Wilson, 271
Winge, 169, 203, 226, 234, 264, 272, 273, 275, 279, 283. 289
Winkler, 169, 264
Wipf, 264
Wisniewska, 9, 91, 128
Woodworth, 218
woody plants, colchicine treatment, 269
Wright, M. L., 196
Wright, S., 61
X-chromosome: inversions, 36, 43; morphology, 8, 9, 274; translocations, 87, 96
X-rays: complex rearrangements produced by, 58; in gene transfers, 250, 260; sectorial changes, 93
Y-chromosome: in sex-determination, 280-281: linked characters, 275, 282-283
Yagyu, 95
Yamashita, 83, 84, 98, 104, 115, 238, 251
Yarnell, 213
yeast: polyploid segregation, 196
Yerganian, 142
Zea (see maize)
Zeleny, 22
Zhebrak, 257, 266
Zimmering, 50